Understanding your system's hardware and software configuration is the first step in diagnostics.
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uname -a # Displays kernel version and system architecture.
lscpu # Provides detailed information about the CPU.
lsblk # Lists all available block devices.
lsusb # Shows USB devices connected to the system.
lspci # Lists PCI devices. |
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2. CPU and Memory Diagnostics |
Monitoring CPU and memory usage helps in identifying performance bottlenecks.
- htop is an interactive system monitor process viewer and process manager. It is designed as an alternative to the Unix program top. It shows a frequently updated list of the processes running on a computer, normally ordered by the amount of CPU usage.
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htop |
2. vmstat Reports virtual memory statistics.
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vmstat
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
0 0 0 73236 21024 396016 0 0 16 32 23 9 2 1 95 0 2 |
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vmstat # Reports virtual memory statistics.
free -h # Displays memory usage.
mpstat # Reports CPU usage. |
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3. Disk Usage and Health |
Keeping track of disk usage and health is crucial for preventing data loss and ensuring efficient storage management.
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df -h # Shows disk space usage.
du -sh /path/to/directory # Displays the size of a specific directory.
fdisk -l # Lists all partitions.
smartctl -a /dev/sda # Checks the health of a disk (requires smartmontools).
iostat # Reports CPU and I/O statistics. |
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4. Process and Service Management |
Managing processes and services is essential for maintaining system stability.
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ps aux # Lists all running processes.
systemctl status service_name # Checks the status of a service.
journalctl -u service_name # Views logs for a specific service.
kill -9 process_id # Forces termination of a process.
nice and renice # Adjusts process priority. |
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5. Logs and Monitoring |
Analyzing logs and monitoring system activities can help in identifying issues and tracking system performance.
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