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System Information

Understanding your system's hardware and software configuration

Commands
    uname -a # Displays kernel version and system architecture.
    lscpu  # Provides detailed information about the CPU.
    lsblk # Lists all available block devices.
    lsusb # Shows USB devices connected to the system.

CPU and Memory Diagnostics

Monitoring CPU and memory usage helps in identifying performance bottlenecks.

  1. htop is an interactive system monitor process viewer and process manager. It is designed as an alternative to the Unix program top. It shows a frequently updated list of the processes running on a computer, normally ordered by the amount of CPU usage.
    htop

     2. vmstat -s provides a detailed breakdown of memory usage and other related metrics since the last system boot. 

    vmstat -s        
       980492 K total memory
       480208 K used memory
       132040 K active memory
       582364 K inactive memory
        67924 K free memory
        21724 K buffer memory
       410636 K swap cache
            0 K total swap
            0 K used swap
            0 K free swap

     3. free -h Displays memory usage in "human-readable" format

    free -h
               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.7G        1.9G        3.9G        487M        1.9G        5.0G
Swap:          2.0G          0B        2.0G


Disk Usage and Health

Keeping track of disk usage and health is crucial for preventing data loss and ensuring efficient storage management.

Commands
    df -h # Shows disk space usage.
    du -sh /path/to/directory # Displays the size of a specific directory.
    fdisk -l # Lists all partitions.
    smartctl -a /dev/sda # Checks the health of a disk (requires smartmontools).
    iostat # Reports CPU and I/O statistics.


Process and Service Management

Managing processes and services is essential for maintaining system stability.

Commands
    ps aux # Lists all running processes.
    systemctl status service_name # Checks the status of a service.
    journalctl -u service_name # Views logs for a specific service.
    kill -9 process_id # Forces termination of a process.
    nice and renice # Adjusts process priority.

Logs and Monitoring

Analyzing logs and monitoring system activities can help in identifying issues and tracking system performance.

Commands
    dmesg # Prints kernel ring buffer messages.
    journalctl # Views systemd logs.
    journalctl -u service_name # Views logs for a specific service.
    tail -f /var/log/syslog # Continuously displays system log updates.
    sar # Collects, reports, and saves system activity information (requires sysstat).
    uptime # Shows how long the system has been running and load averages.
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