You are viewing an old version of this page. View the current version.

Compare with Current View Page History

« Previous Version 8 Next »

System Information

Understanding your system's hardware and software configuration is the first step in diagnostics.

Commands
    uname -a # Displays kernel version and system architecture.
    lscpu  # Provides detailed information about the CPU.
    lsblk # Lists all available block devices.
    lsusb # Shows USB devices connected to the system.
    lspci # Lists PCI devices.

CPU and Memory Diagnostics

Monitoring CPU and memory usage helps in identifying performance bottlenecks.

  1. htop is an interactive system monitor process viewer and process manager. It is designed as an alternative to the Unix program top. It shows a frequently updated list of the processes running on a computer, normally ordered by the amount of CPU usage.
    htop

     2. vmstat Reports virtual memory statistics.

    vmstat
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 0  0      0  73236  21024 396016    0    0    16    32   23    9  2  1 95  0  2
Commands
    vmstat # Reports virtual memory statistics.
    free -h # Displays memory usage.
    mpstat # Reports CPU usage.


Disk Usage and Health

Keeping track of disk usage and health is crucial for preventing data loss and ensuring efficient storage management.

Commands
    df -h # Shows disk space usage.
    du -sh /path/to/directory # Displays the size of a specific directory.
    fdisk -l # Lists all partitions.
    smartctl -a /dev/sda # Checks the health of a disk (requires smartmontools).
    iostat # Reports CPU and I/O statistics.


Process and Service Management

Managing processes and services is essential for maintaining system stability.

Commands
    ps aux # Lists all running processes.
    systemctl status service_name # Checks the status of a service.
    journalctl -u service_name # Views logs for a specific service.
    kill -9 process_id # Forces termination of a process.
    nice and renice # Adjusts process priority.

Logs and Monitoring

Analyzing logs and monitoring system activities can help in identifying issues and tracking system performance.

Commands
    dmesg # Prints kernel ring buffer messages.
    journalctl # Views systemd logs.
    journalctl -u service_name # Views logs for a specific service.
    tail -f /var/log/syslog # Continuously displays system log updates.
    sar # Collects, reports, and saves system activity information (requires sysstat).
    uptime # Shows how long the system has been running and load averages.
  • No labels