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1. System Information

Understanding your system's hardware and software configuration is the first step in diagnostics.

Commands
    uname -a # Displays kernel version and system architecture.
    lscpu  # Provides detailed information about the CPU.
    lsblk # Lists all available block devices.
    lsusb # Shows USB devices connected to the system.
    lspci # Lists PCI devices.

2. CPU and Memory Diagnostics

Monitoring CPU and memory usage helps in identifying performance bottlenecks.

Commands
    top/htop # Real-time process monitoring.
    vmstat # Reports virtual memory statistics.
    free -h Displays memory usage.
    mpstat: Reports CPU usage.


3. Disk Usage and Health

Keeping track of disk usage and health is crucial for preventing data loss and ensuring efficient storage management.

Commands
    df -h # Shows disk space usage.
    du -sh /path/to/directory # Displays the size of a specific directory.
    fdisk -l # Lists all partitions.
    smartctl -a /dev/sda # Checks the health of a disk (requires smartmontools).
    iostat # Reports CPU and I/O statistics.


5. Process and Service Management

Managing processes and services is essential for maintaining system stability.
Commands:

    ps aux: Lists all running processes.
    systemctl status service_name: Checks the status of a service.
    journalctl -u service_name: Views logs for a specific service.
    kill -9 process_id: Forces termination of a process.
    nice and renice: Adjusts process priority.

bash

ps aux
systemctl status service_name
journalctl -u service_name
kill -9 process_id
nice -n 10 process_name
renice -n 10 process_id

6. Logs and Monitoring

Analyzing logs and monitoring system activities can help in identifying issues and tracking system performance.
Commands:

    dmesg: Prints kernel ring buffer messages.
    journalctl: Views systemd logs.
    tail -f /var/log/syslog: Continuously displays system log updates.
    sar: Collects, reports, and saves system activity information (requires sysstat).
    uptime: Shows how long the system has been running and load averages.


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